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Why Fertility Care Needs Personalization

💭 Every fertility journey is different, but most care plans aren’t.

For anyone trying to conceive, the journey can feel like a rollercoaster full of hope, waiting, and uncertainty. Many couples are told to “just keep trying,” and if that doesn’t work, the next step is often IVF.


But here’s the thing: fertility isn’t one-size-fits-all. Every body and every couple is different. What works for one person may not work for another, because our hormones, metabolism, inflammation, and even gut health all play a role in reproductive health.


So, why do so many fertility plans still look the same?


The problem with the current approach


Most fertility care begins after months or years of trying. Tests and treatments u

sually focus on a few standard measures like hormone levels, egg count, or sperm motility. While these are important, they don’t tell the full story.


What’s often missing is a deeper look at how your overall health, such as sleep, nutrition, stress, immune function, and other biomarkers, affects your ability to conceive. Without understanding both partners’ unique health profiles, we end up addressing symptoms rather than identifying the root causes.


Why personalization matters

Personalized fertility care means looking at you and not just your diagnosis. It’s about understanding what’s really happening in your body before deciding what to do next.


When you look deeper, you might uncover things like:


  • Subtle hormonal imbalances that impact ovulation.

  • Low-grade inflammation that affects egg or sperm quality.

  • Metabolic factors that influence fertility.

  • Gut and immune health that can impact implantation and pregnancy success.


Once you have this information, you can take meaningful steps from lifestyle and nutrition changes to more informed decisions about when (and whether) IVF is the right next step.


Introducing Kiara Health: Your first step toward clarity and action


Kiara is the first step toward understanding the gaps in your fertility health and taking action before treatment.


Our goal is to bridge the space between uncertainty and confidence by helping couples uncover what their current tests may be missing. Through deeper health insights, Kiara empowers you to make informed decisions that align with your unique biology and goals.


Fertility is a journey and Kiara is the first step where that journey begins with understanding, not guesswork.


Guided by science, led by compassion

Dr. Milan Chavarkar has spent years studying how inflammation, metabolism, and reproductive health intersect. She has worked with women and their families to improve their health and vitality through a collaborative and integrative approach. Now, as the founder of Kiara, Dr. Chavarkar is leading the movement to make this proactive, personalized care accessible to everyone.


💛 Fertility is deeply personal. Care should be too.


 
 
 

A Holistic Approach to Female Infertility

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Abstract

Fertility issues are common, and potential causes of female infertility can be multifactorial. A thorough history and physical examination and laboratory and imaging tests can provide information regarding ovarian reserve, structural abnormalities, and ovarian and hormonal dysfunctions that can be factors. A holistic approach to infertility treatment is one that is person-centered and considers the individual’s overall health rather than focusing only on the disease. This approach can help women improve their fertility before or in tandem with assisted reproductive technologies. This article provides the nurse practitioner with an overview of holistic lifestyle choices that can potentially improve fertility.


Birth rates for women over 35 have increased steadily from 1972 to the present as women choose delayed childbearing to seek higher education, participate in the workforce, and consider financial and relationship issues and societal values.1 This has also resulted in higher rates of infertility as women try for their first pregnancy later in life.1 It is estimated that 8.5%, or 2.4 million, of women aged 15–49 years were infertile in the United States from 2015 to 2019.2 Approximately 12% of all women aged 15–49 years sought infertility services during this period.2

Infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.3 For women over age 35, the period shortens to 6 months.3 Most patients experiencing infertility are referred to fertility specialists for consideration of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Before referral, visiting a women’s health nurse practitioner in a primary health care setting has benefits. Using a holistic approach, the nurse practitioner can provide an initial assessment that includes looking at behavior and lifestyle factors. In this article, the author describes a holistic approach to care for women with infertility issues before and in tandem with referrals to fertility specialty care. Current evidence for behavior and lifestyle changes that may influence infertility is provided.



Female Infertility Causes and Initial Evaluation

There are several potential causes of infertility in couples. This article focuses on female infertility while recognizing that male factors account for approximately 20%–30% of infertility cases and contribute to 50% of all cases.4 Physical impediments include blocked fallopian tubes due to scarring, surgical removal of fallopian tubes, or uterine anomalies such as fibroids or uterine malformations.3 Hormonal impediments include anovulation due to thyroid disease, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), diminished ovarian reserve, hyperprolactinemia, or other hormonal abnormalities.3 Estrogen-dominant conditions like endometriosis and elevated cortisol due to stress can affect menstrual cycles and ovulation.3 Endocrine and metabolic diseases, including pituitary disease, adrenal disease, eating disorders, diabetes, and autoimmune disorders, also contribute to infertility.3 Other studied potential factors for infertility are the genital tract microbiome, endometrial receptivity, obesity, and genetic disorders.3,5–7

After a thorough history and physical examination, laboratory and imaging tests can provide information regarding ovarian reserve, structural abnormalities, and ovulatory and hormonal function.8 Laboratory tests may include measurement of anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, progesterone, prolactin, and thyroid hormone levels. Testosterone levels and glucose tolerance testing may be considered when PCOS is suspected. Imaging tests, such as hysterosalpingogram, transvaginal ultrasound, or sonohysterography, may be necessary to investigate any uterine or tubal anomalies. Ultrasound can also be done to measure antral follicle count when evaluating ovarian reserve.3,8


Holistic Approach

A holistic approach to infertility treatment is person-centered and considers the individual’s overall health rather than focusing only on the disease. Behavior and lifestyle are essential to consider, including attention to nutrition, avoidance of toxins and pollutants, physical activity, sleep hygiene, stress management, and sexual health.

Education about fertility is another essential component of holistic care for the individual experiencing infertility. Studies show that women’s understanding of the fertile time window is low, fertility awareness practices need to be utilized sufficiently, and women want more information to understand their fertility.9 Fertility awareness methods can improve conception rates by using cervical mucus observation, basal body temperature charting, calendar observations, and ovulatory predictor kits to measure increase in luteinizing hormone (LH).9 Period tracker applications are being used to determine fertility windows and are now Food and Drug Administration-approved for contraception.10 More research is needed on the use of period tracker applications for fertility.10,11

The nurse practitioner needs to understand the evidence behind using behavior and lifestyle changes to improve fertility. Person-centered care with a holistic approach requires sharing this information with women and couples so they can make informed decisions and feel supported.


Diet and Fertility

There is a growing interest in investigating specific diets and any association with fertility. Among the diets that are receiving attention are the Mediterranean diet (MeD), the typical Western-style diet, and more specific diets for individuals seeking ART. The MeD has been well-researched concerning mental and physical health.12 The MeD, which includes whole grains, legumes, low-fat dairy, poultry, fish, olive oil, vegetables, fruits, and red wine, with avoidance of red meat and sugars, has been shown in multiple studies to reduce insulin resistance and obesity.12,13 A systematic review with a meta-analysis of 11 cohort studies evaluated infertile men and women following a diet that contained all of the main food groups of the MeD compared with those with low adherence to the MeD. Clinical pregnancy was analyzed in five studies, with a greater chance of becoming pregnant found with moderate and high adherence to the MeD. The meta-analysis did not confirm that high adherence to the MeD increased the chance of live births, corroborating the results of other studies.12

In contrast to the MeD, the Western-style diet includes simple refined carbohydrates, processed foods, and decreased intake of fruits and vegetables.12 In one cohort study of 5,628 women at their first pregnancy visit, a retrospective look at diet found modest increases in time to pregnancy and infertility for participants with lower intakes of fruit and higher intakes of fast food.14 More direct studies on fast food, lower fruit intake, high glycemic foods, and high fat in the Western-style diet are needed to understand the association with infertility and delayed time in achieving pregnancy.

A profertility diet that included supplemental folic acid, vitamin B12 vitamin D, low-pesticide fruits and vegetables, whole grains, seafood, dairy, and soy foods was shown in one observational study to result in higher pregnancy rates for women undergoing ART.15 However, there are no randomized controlled studies confirming this association.12


Micronutrients

Micronutrients are essential to cellular function, and studies show relationships with fertility. Fertility may be affected by folic acid, vitamin B12 and vitamin B6 in relation to homocysteine metabolism.12 Vitamin B12 and B6 deficiencies cause a buildup of homocysteine.12 Hyperhomocysteinemia affects the vascularity of the chorion, decreases gonadotropin levels, increases endothelial inflammation via cytokine release, and increases oxidative stress, thereby decreasing fertility.12

Vitamin D has a key role in reproductive hormonal function, with vitamin D receptors found in multiple organs including the ovaries, endometrium, placenta, pituitary gland, and hypothalamus.12 There needs to be more clarity on the impact of vitamin D on healthy individuals and their fertility.12 Vitamin D deficiency disrupts calcium balance, escalates proinflammatory cytokines, stimulates insulin levels, and affects glucose metabolism.12 Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with PCOS and endometriosis, both affecting fertility outcomes.16,17

A common finding in PCOS is an elevated LH/FSH level that results in anovulation. In a study that examined the effects of vitamin D on the endocrine and metabolic parameters of PCOS, participants with PCOS who received vitamin D supplementation had improvements in FSH level, LH to FSH ratio, and glucose levels.16 The researchers noted that given the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in women with PCOS and the significant decrease in fertility, further investigation with large randomized controlled studies including women with and without PCOS is needed.16

Vitamin D receptors are known for immune modulation, and their presence in reproductive tissues is potentially associated with endometriosis.12,17 Animal studies show that vitamin D can reduce endometriosis development, but clinical studies have been inconsistent and more needs to be done to understand this relationship.12

Minerals may play a role in fertility as deficiencies in calcium, iodine, iron, selenium, and magnesium can affect oocyte quality, embryo fertilization, maturation, and implantation.12 There are no studies to elucidate the influence of calcium on fertility or pregnancy complications. Iron, iodine, and selenium impact thyroid function, and their deficiencies are linked to fertility and pregnancy delay.12 Magnesium is vital to glucose metabolism and is probably associated with insulin sensitivity, impacting hormonal balance.12 Usually, a balanced diet is sufficient to maintain adequate mineral requirements of the body. Still, supplementation may be necessary, and further research is needed on minerals and their connection to fertility.


Antioxidants

The role of antioxidants in fertility continues to be explored in studies. Free radicals damage DNA in the sperm and oocyte through lipid peroxidation in the membranes.13 Free radicals are related to epigenetic factors such as a highly processed diet, alcohol use, obesity, smoking, stress and anxiety, radiation, endocrine-disrupting toxins, infections, and inflammatory conditions.13 Free radicals increase insulin resistance and inflammation and exacerbate conditions such as PCOS and endometriosis associated with infertility.13

Antioxidants neutralize free radicals, potentially increasing blood circulation, impacting sex hormone levels, and increasing insulin sensitivity, thereby improving fertility.12,13 A diet rich in antioxidants is not enough to boost fertility and supplementation may be necessary.13 Studies on antioxidants show L-carnitine, N-acetylcysteine, and alpha-lipoic acid heightened pregnancy probabilities in the over-35 age group.13 L-carnitine is beneficial to women with PCOS, endometriosis, and amenorrhea by balancing hormones, decreasing inflammatory cytokines, and combating oxidative stress.12,18

Vitamins A, C, and E are potent antioxidants. Women with endometriosis and PCOS often have lower levels of these vitamins, and supplementation can reduce oxidative stress.12,19


Probiotics and the Reproductive Microbiome

Extensive research on the gastrointestinal microbiome shows that probiotics positively affect multiple body systems while causing minimal side effects.20 The positive effects and minimal side effects create an appeal for these products.20

Lactobacilli, the predominant microbial species in the vagina, are recognized as a critical player in a healthy reproductive microbiome.20 Lactobacilli prevent the overgrowth of pathogens, improving the endometrial lining and implantation and subsequent pregnancy rates.20,21 Pathogens such as Chlamydia trachomatis, Gardnerella vaginalis, Ureaplasma species, and Gram-negative microorganisms in coexistence with a lack of Lactobacillus may affect fertility.21 Vaginal and oral probiotics have been used in treating and preventing the recurrence of bacterial vaginosis (BV).20 There is speculation that BV could contribute to subfertility.20 Randomized controlled trials on the direct relationship between the reproductive microbiome, probiotics, fertility, and ART outcomes are needed.20,21


Role of Toxins in Fertility

Alcohol and tobacco have been associated with fertility issues and poor pregnancy outcomes.12,22 Heavy alcohol consumption impacts fertility with the development of disordered menstrual cycles.12 It is hypothesized that alcohol directly affects hormones, ovulation, egg maturation, blastocyst development, and implantation.12,22 Tobacco diminishes ovarian reserves, causing delays in conception, increased spontaneous miscarriage, and decreased successful ART outcomes.22 Research has shown a relationship between high caffeine use, a delay in achieving pregnancy, and an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage.12,23 Caffeine is found in coffee, tea, soda, and cocoa.12


Environmental Pollutants

Over 80,000 registered chemicals in the United States contaminate air, soil, water, consumer products, food, and household dust.24 Nearly 100% of pregnant women have evidence of toxins such as phthalates and pesticides in their system.24 Extensive exposure to toxins can potentially affect conception and cause harm to the embryo and fetus during pregnancy and beyond.24 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), plasticizers, pesticides, and heavy metals such as mercury, lead, and cadmium are prevalent, with adverse effects on reproductive health.24

Mercury accumulates in fish after being released into the environment from incineration, coal burning, and industrial release.24–26 Consuming large fish such as shark, tuna, and swordfish can lead to mercury exposure, affecting estrogen levels and fertility.24,25 Lead exposure can lead to multiple adverse outcomes, including congenital disabilities and miscarriage, but there are no data on fertility.24,26 Cadmium is a heavy metal found in rechargeable batteries, sewage, plastics, and paint. It affects the placenta, causes oxidative stress, and acts as an endocrine disruptor.24,26 Exposure to pesticides can lead to poor reproductive outcomes.24,26 EDCs, including bisphenol A, phthalates, and polybrominated diethyl ethers, mimic or block hormones, affecting fertility.24,26 It is recommended that women reduce exposure to EDCs found in foods, household and personal products, cosmetics, cans, and plastics.24 Air pollution has been associated with miscarriage, and studies show couples who live near major highways have decreased fertility.24,27


Physical Activity

A systematic review found inconclusive results on the association between physical activity, sedentary behavior, and female fertility.28 High levels of physical activity could be a stressor to the body, affecting LH and FSH release and thereby affecting estrogen and progesterone levels necessary for ovulation.28 Alternatively, moderate exercise could be significant in maintaining hormonal balance and improving the ovulatory cycle, especially in specific populations such as women with PCOS or obesity.28


Sleep

Humans will spend a third of their lives asleep, and many complain about poor sleep quality and insomnia.29 With linkages between sleep and chronic, metabolic, and mental health diseases, it is relevant to consider the relationship between sleep and fertility.29 A recent systematic review contributes to our knowledge about the potential impacts of sleep on reproductive function.29 Circadian rhythms and short sleep affect reproductive hormones and menstrual cycles and influence ovarian function and natural fertility. Those who work evening and night shifts show longer times to conception than daytime workers. Short sleep has also been linked to sexual dysfunction, menstrual irregularities, and metabolic disease, impacting fertility. Chronotypes classify the type of sleeper, those who sleep early, sleep late, or intermediate types, and are related to melatonin levels. Melatonin is a hormone that captures free radicals, protects the ovaries from oxidative stress, and impacts fertility.


Stress and Mental Health

The results of studies on how stress can affect fertility are mixed.30,31 Stress can lead to high cortisol levels, which can have an immunosuppressant effect.30 Chronic stress can also lead to low cortisol levels and cause changes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis.31 Hypercortisolism contributes to inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, chronic fatigue syndrome, metabolic disorders, and mental health issues.31 How cortisol interfaces with the reproductive hormones is complex and not completely understood. Cortisol does interfere with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone, which guides the menstrual cycle and ovulation.30 High cortisol levels inhibit the normal release of LH and FSH, crucial to ovulation. Some women may be more resilient than others to the effects of cortisol on ovulation. Aging may also affect the relationship between cortisol and reproductive hormones.30

A holistic approach to stress can address the emotional, mental, psychosocial, and spiritual needs of infertile women and reduce infertility-related stress, anxiety, and depression.32 Potential strategies include cognitive behavioral therapy, mind–body interventions, stress management skills, and educational interventions.32,33 In a meta-analysis, psychosocial interventions that improve mental health and stress are positively associated with pregnancy rates.34


Sexual Function

Sexual dysfunction can contribute to infertility or can be an outcome of psychological stress on the couple experiencing infertility.35 Issues with sexual function affect 40%–45% of adult women and 10%–60% of infertile couples.35 Women experiencing infertility face physical and psychological changes during infertility treatment, the burden of costly treatments, and social stigma, which can contribute to sexual dysfunction.35 Approximately 5% of infertility cases are affected by preexisting conditions such as vaginismus, dyspareunia, and hypoactive sexual desire disorder.35 Addressing female responses to the sexual phases of arousal, desire, orgasm, and resolution can help elucidate areas of concern regarding sexual function.35 It is recommended that patients are referred to sex therapy or sexual health clinicians.35


Implications for Practice

A holistic approach to care that is evidence-based is essential for women facing infertility before and in tandem with referrals for ART. Women’s health nurse practitioners in primary care settings can perform a comprehensive medical history and physical examination, order laboratory markers, and interpret initial findings. They can assess understanding of menstrual cycles, fertile windows, and fertility awareness methods, and provide education in these areas.

The nurse practitioner can thoroughly assess behaviors and lifestyle factors that can affect fertility and provide appropriate education, counseling, and referrals. Lifestyle interventions can include dietary changes, nutrient and probiotic supplementation, exercise, toxin and substance use avoidance, mindfulness and mental health practices, stress reduction, and attention to sexual health. Referrals to specialists, including dietitians, physical trainers, pelvic floor therapists, sexual and mental health therapists, and others, can optimize health. Helping women make informed choices regarding their health and fertility can improve outcomes. Nurse practitioners can create an environment within the clinical setting to communicate and deliver care that offers personalization, sensitivity, and continuity.36


Disclosure

The author has no relevant financial interest or affiliations with any commercial interests related to the subjects discussed within this article.


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The Vaginal Microbiome: a key player in fertility and women’s health


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The human body is host to numerous microbial communities, and the microbiome refers to the collective genetic material of these microorganisms. While the gut microbiome has received a lot of attention in recent years, there is another microbiome that deserves our attention: the vaginal microbiome. Just as the gut microbiome plays a crucial role in overall health, the vaginal microbiome has a significant influence on fertility and reproductive well-being in women. Let’s explore the importance of the vaginal microbiome, the benefits of vaginal microbiome testing and the treatment of vaginal dysbiosis and fertility issues.

What is the vaginal microbiome?

The vaginal microbiome refers to the ecology of microorganisms that reside in the vagina. Similar to other parts of the body, the vagina is home to a diverse community of bacteria, fungi, viruses, and other microbes. The composition of the vaginal microbiome can vary from woman to woman, and it plays a crucial role in maintaining vaginal health.

In a healthy vaginal microbiome, the dominant bacteria are typically the Lactobacillus species, particularly Lactobacillus crispatus, Lactobacillus iners, Lactobacillus gasseri, and Lactobacillus jensenii. These bacteria produce lactic acid, which helps maintain an acidic pH level in the vagina (typically between 3.5 and 4.5), creating an inhospitable environment for potential pathogens.


The vaginal microbiome is important for various aspects of women's health. It helps to protect against infections by inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeast, and other pathogens. The acidic environment created by the Lactobacillus bacteria helps prevent the overgrowth of opportunistic organisms, such as Candida (which can cause yeast infections) and certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

The impact of the vaginal microbiome on fertility

A balanced and diverse vaginal microbiome is essential for fertility. "Good" bacteria, such as Lactobacilli, help maintain an acidic environment in the vagina, which is unfavorable to harmful pathogens. This acidic environment not only helps prevent infections but also supports the survival and motility of sperm, increasing the chances of successful fertilization.

Research has shown that imbalances in the vaginal microbiome, known as vaginal dysbiosis, can lead to fertility issues. When “bad” bacteria dominate, it can disrupt the vagina’s natural pH balance, leading to inflammation, recurrent infections, and even infertility. Therefore, understanding and maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiome is crucial for women trying to conceive. Dysbiosis can occur due to a variety of reasons such as antibiotic use, hormonal changes, sexual activity, douching, and certain health conditions. Dysbiosis can lead to a decrease in beneficial Lactobacillus bacteria and an overgrowth of other bacteria, such as Gardnerella vaginalis, Atopobium vaginae, or Prevotella species. This shift in microbial composition can increase the risk of infections, including bacterial vaginosis (BV) and urinary tract infections (UTIs).

How does the vaginal microbiome affect a woman's fertility?

The balance and composition of the vaginal microbiota can influence various aspects related to fertility. Here are some ways in which the vaginal microbiome can affect a woman's fertility:


1. Cervical mucus quality: Cervical mucus changes in consistency and composition throughout a woman's menstrual cycle. During the fertile window, the mucus becomes thinner, clearer, and more stretchy, creating an optimal environment for sperm survival and motility. The presence of certain Lactobacillus species in the vaginal microbiome helps maintain the quality of cervical mucus, facilitating the transportation and viability of sperm.


2. Implantation success: After fertilization, the fertilized egg (embryo) needs to implant into the uterine lining for pregnancy to occur. The vaginal microbiome can influence the endometrial environment by modulating immune responses and affecting the receptivity of the uterine lining. An imbalance in the vaginal microbiome, such as a decrease in Lactobacillus species, may affect the implantation process and reduce the chances of a successful pregnancy.


3. Infections and inflammation: Dysbiosis in the vaginal microbiome, characterized by an overgrowth of certain bacteria or a decrease in beneficial bacteria, can increase the risk of infections such as bacterial vaginosis (BV) or sexually transmitted infections (STIs). These infections can lead to inflammation in the reproductive tract, which may have adverse effects on fertility by disrupting the normal functioning of the fallopian tubes, ovaries, or uterus.


4. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART): For women undergoing assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI), the vaginal microbiome may impact the success of these procedures. An imbalanced vaginal microbiome has been associated with decreased implantation rates and lower pregnancy outcomes in women undergoing ART. Optimizing the vaginal microbiome before and during these procedures may improve the chances of successful conception.

Vaginal microbiome testing: a window into women's health

Testing the vaginal microbiome can offer essential information about reproductive health. By analyzing the composition of bacteria present in the vagina, healthcare providers can identify imbalances and tailor treatments accordingly.

If you experience abnormal vaginal discharge, itching, or discomfort, it's essential to discuss these symptoms with a healthcare professional. Don't be embarrassed; addressing intimate health concerns promptly can prevent potential complications and support overall reproductive well-being.

Treating vaginal dysbiosis and fertility issues

Treatment for vaginal dysbiosis and fertility issues focuses on restoring the balance of the vaginal microbiome. Probiotics, specifically those containing Lactobacilli strains, can help replenish "good" bacteria and promote a healthy acidic environment. Additionally, lifestyle changes, such as adopting a more balanced diet and reducing stress, can also positively influence the vaginal microbiome.

In some cases, antibiotics may be necessary to treat infections that contribute to dysbiosis, but they should be used judiciously, as excessive antibiotic use can negatively affect both the vaginal and gut microbiomes.

Tips to improve your vaginal microbiome naturally

Maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiome is essential for overall vaginal health. While individual microbiomes can vary, there are some general guidelines you can follow to support a balanced and thriving vaginal microbiota. Here are some natural tips to improve your vaginal microbiome:


1. Practice good hygiene: Gently clean the external genital area with warm water and mild, fragrance-free soap. Avoid using harsh soaps, douches, or feminine hygiene products that can disrupt the natural pH and bacterial balance of the vagina.


2. But avoid excessive washing: Overwashing or using strong cleansers can strip away the body’s natural protective barrier. Stick to gentle cleansing and avoid excessive washing to allow the vaginal microbiome to maintain its natural balance.


3. Opt for cotton underwear: Wear breathable, cotton underwear that allows for air circulation and helps absorb moisture. Avoid tight-fitting synthetic underwear and clothing that can trap heat and moisture, creating an environment conducive to bacterial overgrowth.


4. Be mindful of lubricants and condoms: Some lubricants and condoms may contain additives, fragrances, or spermicides that can disrupt the vaginal microbiome. Opt for water-based, fragrance-free lubricants, and choose non-latex condoms if you have sensitivities. Good Clean Love and Ah Yes are both brands that we like.


5. Probiotics: Probiotics are beneficial bacteria that can help restore and maintain a healthy vaginal microbiome. Look for probiotic supplements or foods that contain specific strains known to promote vaginal health, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus crispatus, or Lactobacillus reuteri. These can help replenish the population of beneficial bacteria in the vagina. It's important to consult with a healthcare professional to get advice regarding your specific needs before starting any new supplements.


6. Eat a balanced diet: A nutrient-rich diet can support overall health, including vaginal health. Include a variety of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins in your diet. Some studies suggest that a diet rich in plant-based foods and low in processed sugars may be beneficial for the vaginal microbiome.


7. Manage stress levels: High levels of stress can impact the body's immune system and hormonal balance, which in turn may affect the vaginal microbiome. Engage in stress-reducing activities such as exercise, meditation, yoga, or hobbies that help you relax and unwind.


8. Practice safe sex: Consistent and proper use of barrier methods, such as condoms, can help prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) that can disrupt the vaginal microbiome.

 

The research on the relationship between the vaginal microbiome and fertility is still developing. Further studies are needed to fully understand how the vaginal microbiome influences fertility specifically and to develop interventions for improved reproductive outcomes. It's important to note that each person's vaginal microbiome is unique, and what works for one individual may not work for another. If you have concerns or symptoms, it's best to consult with a healthcare professional for proper evaluation and guidance.

 
 
 
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